Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HMGB1 is regulated by phosphorylation that redirects it toward secretion.

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) IV mediates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and release of HMGB1 during lipopolysaccharide stimulation of macrophages.

The chromatin-binding factor high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) functions as a proinflammatory cytokine and late mediator of mortality in murine endotoxemia. Although serine phosphorylation of HMGB1 is necessary for nucleocytoplasmic shuttling before its cellular release, the protein kinases involved have not been identified. To investigate if calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) I...

CK2 Phosphorylation of Schistosoma mansoni HMGB1 Protein Regulates Its Cellular Traffic and Secretion but Not Its DNA Transactions

BACKGROUND The helminth Schistosoma mansoni parasite resides in mesenteric veins where fecundated female worms lay hundred of eggs daily. Some of the egg antigens are trapped in the liver and induce a vigorous granulomatous response. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear factor, can also be secreted and act as a cytokine. Schistosome HMGB1 (SmHMGB1) is secreted by the eggs and stimulate ...

Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of HMGB1 Is

P-84: Characterization of Androgen Receptor Structure and Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of the Rice Field Eel

Background: Androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in prostate cancer and male sexual differentiation.Mechanisms by which AR acts and regulations of AR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling are not understood well. Materials and Methods: Degenerate PCR and RACE Cloning of AR Gene; Phylogenetic Analysis and Molecular Modeling;Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative RT-PCR; Northern Blot Hybridization;In ...

Functional activity of RLIM/Rnf12 is regulated by phosphorylation-dependent nucleocytoplasmic shuttling

The X-linked gene Rnf12 encodes the ubiquitin ligase really interesting new gene (RING) finger LIM domain-interacting protein (RLIM)/RING finger protein 12 (Rnf12), which serves as a major sex-specific epigenetic regulator of female mouse nurturing tissues. Early during embryogenesis, RLIM/Rnf12 expressed from the maternal allele is crucial for the development of extraembryonic trophoblast cell...